The Recruitment Process Methods - 2479 Words

1. Introduction The purpose of this academic assignment is to prepare a portfolio of documents that will illustrate examples of most effectively practiced recruitment methods. Several documents that best reflected efficient internal and external recruitment methods, productive interview design structures, useful tests used in the selection process of recruitment and effective induction procedures were compiled. The portfolio of documents will then be analyzed and examined so as to provide an in-depth understanding on the usefulness and importance of such recruitment methods on the recruitment process. Upon analysis and examination of the aforementioned documents, several suggestions to improve and enhance the already effective†¦show more content†¦Therefore, this specific aptitude test is effective as there is test reliability and validity (Bambach, 2010). 2.7. Personality Tests Appendix F demonstrates the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test. This test allows recruiter to assess whether a candidate is Extraverted or Introverted, Sensitive or Intuitive, more prone to Think or Feel and whether the candidate is more Perceptive or Judging. Such is effective as the employer will be able to determine whether the personality of the candidate is suitable with the job description of the vacant position and with the organizational culture of the company (McShane Travaglione, 2007). Appendix G illustrates the Big Five Personality Test. Similarly to the MBTI, the Big Five Personality Test allows a recruiter to effectively determine the suitability of a potential candidate by scoring the candidate’s level of extroversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness (McShane Travaglione, 2007). 2.8. Effective Induction Procedures Appendix H provides a very concise, informative and detailed induction schedule. This induction schedule will serve as a very effective work procedure as it includes careful planning, introducing the new employee to the company, supervised induction programme, meeting with Human Resources to clarify employment conditions,Show MoreRelatedResourcing Talent1241 Words   |  5 Pagesplanning process. Studying this unit will enable learners to understand the factors that impact on an organisation’s resourcing and talent planning activities. They will learn about the relationship between recruitment and selection by identifying the key stages in each separate but related process. The benefits to the organisation of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce will be emphasised. They will be able to make a positive contribution to the recruitment and selection process by developingRead MoreA Study on Recent Trends in Selection and Recruitment in Private Sectors969 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE OF THE STUDY: A study on recent trends in selection and recruitment in private sectors INTRODUCTION: Recruitment and Selection are simultaneous process and are incomplete without each other. They are important components of the organization and are different from each other. It also contains addresses of various and top placement consultants and the pricelist of advertisements in the magazine. Recruitment is the process of attracting job candidates with the right characteristics andRead MoreHrm. Recruitment and Selection Report1715 Words   |  7 PagesManagement. Recruitment and selection report. February 2008 1770 Words Human Resources Management. Human Resources Management (HRM) is described by Michael Armstrong in A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice as â€Å"strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business† . One of the main parts of HRM is the process of recruitmentRead MoreRecruitment and selection process1714 Words   |  7 Pages Recruitment and selection process Recruitment is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It is crucial to organisational performance. Recruitment is a critical activity, not just for the HR team but also for line managers who are increasingly involved in the selection process. All those involved in recruitment activities should be equipped with the appropriate knowledge and skills. Before creating business plans or making decisions, it is important to scanRead MoreRecrutment and Selection in a Manufacturing Industry1711 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness competition is increasing day by day. In order to face the competition there must be an efficient as skilled workers. So in this situation the organization must give more importance for recruitment and selection of employees, in such organization. So this is a project based on recruitment and selection of personals by visiting a firm. As a part of this project we the students of 2nd B-com, visited â€Å"South Indian Metal Company 1(SIMCO)’, kulappully and we collect the related documentsRead MoreEssay about Advantages of Online Recruitment1356 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion one (350 words, 35 marks) One of the recruitment/selection methods currently being used by organizations is online recruitment. Explain what is meant by recruitment, online recruitment and describe the advantages of online recruitment. Support your answer with examples and evidences from the case study . One of the most important things in a company or business is the employment of suitable employees. Any successful organization must pay great attention on the selection of its employeesRead MoreRecruitment Plan1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recruitment and selection of a Restaurant hostess for the Waterfront Hotel, New Plymouth. This report is comprised of identifying job positions, job analysis, job description and selection process, so as to follow a systematic procedure during the recruitment process of the Restaurant Manager. Objectives The objective of this report is to develop a systematic recruitment plan for the Restaurant Manager. Contents The contents of this report are:- * Literature review of recruitment planRead MoreRecruitment Process : An Effective Recruitment1440 Words   |  6 PagesRecruitment method: Recruitment process begins when there is a need for a new person in an organization. The need can occur due to a new position to work in an organization or the person responsible for work left. After we have analyzed the job requirements and came up with a perfect job description and job specification, then we are in a position to take the analysis to a further level by making an effective recruitment plan. There are enormous recruitment plans, which are used to get the perfectRead MoreStaffing Organizations: Recruitment Strategy1880 Words   |  7 PagesSTAFFING ORGANIZATIONS 2 Staffing Organizations Introduction Recruitment is among the many functions of every organizations human resource management that critically influences the organizations performance. There is a negative impact on the organizational performance and goal achievement limited by poor decision making concerning the recruitment process. Companies should implement effective recruitment and hiring strategies aiming at acquiring skilled personnel for every job position. ThisRead MoreRecruitment Methods For Hiring The Best Qualified Candidate For A Position1594 Words   |  7 PagesRecruitment is the process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate for a position in an organization. Effective recruitment is the foundation for any organization’s success. This process can be a very costly exercise so it is essential for businesses to do it right. Finding the find best possible candidate can be challenging and it is the job of the Human Resource team to recruit talent that will help move an organization forwar d and make it successful. There are a variety of different

The Theory Of Self And Memory - 1598 Words

Personal identity has been, and will arguably remain, a major area of debate and discussion amongst philosophers, both in Western and Eastern branches of academia. Indeed, this idea that personal identity- more commonly referred to as â€Å"the self†- remains constant, despite any and all qualitative changes that can occur to a person, has left many philosophers ever so puzzled. Nevertheless, four main theories have been developed in an effort to best explain both the existence of the self and how it can persist through any period of time. Some follow on Rene Descartes theory, where the soul can be assigned the role of the self. Others prefer the one John Locke had proposed, where the self and memory are related. Others still argue that animalism, the view that the person body and the self are the same entity, is a better explanation. Then there are those who follow on the Buddhist teachings of the Anatta, a theory that argues against the very idea of the self. Amongst these f our main theories, the Buddhist theory of Anatta, the idea that the self does not exist, is arguably a better explanation of the self, for it is less problematic than the others can be. The initial problem in theorizing over the matter of the self is found in the idea of individual continuity, of persistence in more than just qualitative features over time. In the most intuitive of senses, the idea of the self can be simplified to terms of the persistence of personal identity over any period of time.Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Personal Identity988 Words   |  4 Pagesobvious but yet it again it is not as we must be able to define what and who our enduring self is. In this paper, I will argue that we should identify ourselves through our individual soul, thus supporting the same soul theory. By having the same soul, we are the same person. I will support this argument by giving a brief overview of all the theories of personal identity then stating the objection of the same soul theory using the same body and same mind theorist. Last but not least, I will then respondRead MoreAnalysis Of John Locke And The Problem Of Personal Identity1622 Words   |  7 Pagescap able of self-awareness. Locke emphasizes on self-awareness because he insists that it is one thing to be aware that you are looking at something, but it is different to be aware that you are aware that you are thinking about or looking at something. This is what Locke defines as consciousness – to be self-aware or to be aware of one s surroundings. It is through consciousness alone, Locke argues, we become more than just a man or an animal and instead become to the realization of the self. The selfRead MoreLearning Theories Explain The Connection Of Fear And Avoidance Of The Trauma1070 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary Directions in Theory, Practice, and Research (Ringel Brandell, 2012), the approaches I elected to focus on are CBT and PTSD, EMDR, SIT, and The Self-Trauma Model. CBT and PTSD: CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) approach can go to two directions. The first direction is learning theory, and the second is emotional processing theory (p. 15). The learning theories relate to behavioral approach aiming to change behavior by controlling environmental signs. These learning theories explain the connectionRead MorePersonal Identity - Memory Theory vs Body Theory vs Soul Theory1634 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Memory Theory of Personal Identity is the closest to the truth. I will do so by showing that the opposing theories – Body and Soul Theories – have evident flaws and that the arguments against the Memory Theory can be responded to adequately. In order to succeed in this task, I will explain the basis of the three aforementioned theories are, examine the Memory Theory’s main arguments, acknowledge and respond to the arguments against it and demonstrate that the Memory Theory is the theory closestRead MoreLocke And John Lockes Theo ry On Personal Identity860 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Identity or ‘Self’ has been a very important topic for philosophers for many years. Personal identity is how you describe or think of being which is derived from memories that have taken place over the years. John Locke was a philosopher who believed that your ‘Self’ or personal identity come from memory which is also referred to as consciousness in Locke’s writings. Locke believed that you are who you are, because your thoughts are yours alone no matter the vessel. However, in this paperRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal Identity1267 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity Many ancient philosophers were fascinated with the idea of the personal identity. This is often referred to as the â€Å"self†. The â€Å"self† is considered to be something that is not physical, therefore the search to discover the â€Å"self† is not concrete. With the â€Å"self† being something that has no physical element, many philosophers have different opinions on what the â€Å"self† is and how it functions. â€Å"Someone s personal identity in this sense consists of those features she takes to â€Å"define her asRead MoreSelf-Identity Qualities1010 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone else. Thus, self- identity is how one characterizes themselves as an individual. This may at first seem easy to conclude. One might say I am me because I look in the mirror and recognize myself. Or, I am me because I possess a mind and memories unique to me that cannot be replicated by another in the same perspective. However, the body and the mind undergo constan t change throughout life, so how can they be attributed to one’s â€Å"sameness†? I have arrived at the problem of self-identity, what makesRead MoreThe Body, Soul, And Brain1426 Words   |  6 Pagessurvival of the self, it is difficult to say what defines a person throughout time. The three arguments are for the body, soul, and brain. These theories argue that each respective component of a person, must remain the same throughout time in order for a person to be unchanged. The brain theory is more plausible than its counterparts. To prove this, first, I will describe the soul and body theories, which I oppose, and then present an argument based on the brain transplant theory. A criticism forRead MoreHume s Identity Of A Man Is A Fiction888 Words   |  4 PagesHume believes that personal identity is not the feeling of existence of what is called the self as many philosophers believe. He proposes that every idea is the product of one impression. The self is not one impression, but is all of our impressions that combined Impressions could be pain, pleasure, grief, or joy, but they do not happen at the same time, they follow each other. Hume uses the theater analogy to explain this (Hume). The mind is the stage where perceptions make their appearance. TheyRead MorePersonal Identity And Social Identity1241 Words   |  5 Pagesperson to his/her theory view will be summarized and a counterexample will be provided to attempt to disprove the brain view, this will also be done for the the memory continuity theory. Then, the psychological continuity theory will be provided as the most probable The brain-as-person theory and the memory continuity theory seem to be plausible but do not accommodate the existence of personal identity as well as the psychological continuity theory. At one point in time, the theory that a human being

Radio Frequency Identification-Free-Samples -Myassignementhelp

Question: Evaluate the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Answer: Introduction Radio Frequency Identification is a wireless technology which enables us to gather data about a certain item without needing to touch that object; the information is gathered through the use of inductive coupling or electromagnetic waves. A RFID system can be divided into three components; a scanning antenna, transceiver and a transponder (the tags). The data or information is carried in a microchip attached to the antenna (together called transponder or tag) and the transceiver helps to send the data back to the scanner, and from there that information is sent to a host computer. Every tag has its own read and writes memory which allows the RFID system to detect the objects and perform work on it. The antenna is used to sends short bursts of radio signals and by doing this; it provides a way of communication with the transponder and gives the RFID tag to communicate back with that energy This report shows us the advantages of RFID technology and the practical use of this technology (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay Kurata, 2012). Technical Problems RFID has Overcome: - RFID is used for automatic identification of products or people; the main advantage of an RFID system over traditional methods such as bar codes is that it does not require physical contact or proper line of sight for the technology to work. It is also used for tracking and tracing items automatically. RFID system implementation adds intelligence and minimizes human intervention to the process of item identification and processing those products using electronic tags. RFID tags does not need a battery; so they can used for longer periods of time as they would not run out of juice (Mayordomo et al., 2013). Some libraries use RFID technology for peoples convenience which allows them to take books out or return them. It can be also helpful for finding missing books and finding misfiled books, by using a hand held battery operated RFID reader (Dwivedi et al., 2013). Sub-dermal tags are implanted under the skin of peoples or animals. It is mainly used for tracking animals and keeping a count of the animals. It is mainly used for studding the migration pattern of fish, by tagging them and keeping track of them at regular intervals. This technology can also be used for accessing secure computers without using a username or password, just by simply implanting a tag under their palm and waving their hand in front of the monitor (Hill, 2012). Many access controlled devices uses smart cards, which need to be swiped in a reader. When an individual uses a smart card for entering into an authorized room, an unauthorized person slips behind him without the system knowing of it. However, when using RFID, a person with a tag comes into range, the scanner or reader detects the person automatically (Chen et al., 2012). Technological limitations of RFID:- Radio Frequency Identification technology has been applied effectively, it has some technical barriers that need to be optimized for application. Some of those limitations are discussed below. Collisions: - When attempting to read several tag at a time the signals from different readers results in collision, and data loss happens. To prevent collisions from happening anti-collision algorithms are put in the readers (Jia et al., 2012). Jamming: - RFID systems use the electromagnetic spectrum; they can be very easily jammed, using the right high frequency signals. This could cause problems in stores and be highly disruptive to the environment, and can be disastrous in places like hospitals and military fields where RFID is largely used (Avanco et al., 2015). Tag collisions: - It happens when many tags are present in a small area, to overcome this sort of problem vendors can make systems that responds to tags one at a time (Yang et al., 2013). New Problems Created by RFIDs Limitations:- RFID tags cannot differ between one reader and another. Its scanners are very portable and they could be read from far, which in allows anyone with a portable RFID Some RFID tags are very small and very difficult for consumers to remove them; some of them are even hidden or embedded in the product where consumers cannot see them. RFID systems are designed in a way that tags and readers are kept at a minimum distance for them to work. However, a high-gain antenna could be used to read tags from far distances, resulting in privacy problem (Metzger et al., 2013). Products have unique bar codes, when those products are sold to consumers and paid with credit cards the RFID tag of that particular item can be associated with that credit card number. That can be unsecure for the consumers and thus it becomes a hindrance to RFID technology. Implementation of RFID Technology in an Organization:- Companies from all over the world are using RFID technology for supply chain management. Wall-Mart implements RFID technology for managing inventory more efficiently, reduce data entry error and human labor costs are reduced in the distribution hub of the company. Wall-Mart uses the data collected from RFID system to keep track of the stock and check whether the stock is running low and reduces labor costs. Wall-Mart can track the movement of the inventory which increases inventory standards and speeds up the physical aspects of the inventory process, products can be shipped and received faster, and it becomes easy for the organization to predict product demand. RFID helps shoppers to save time when shopping, products does not go out of stock as the system is constantly tracking every development. Implementation of RFID gets shoppers better deals as the systems are becoming more efficient, reducing inventory of obsolete products, the correct products are available at the right places in the stores and reduces thefts, misplacement and better placement of data sensitive inventory, all of these factors effectively boosts sales of the products (Zelbst et al., 2012). RFID Technologys Prospects in the Market Place:- Major limitations to associate RFID technology are explained below. There are no RFID standards for implementation. The demand for this technology should also have driven down its prices. Many organizations dont use RFID because of its price range. RFID technology cannot read through liquid and metals. Some items read rates can be very low. So RFID tags respond late and have a delayed response which in slows the whole process. Interruption to RFID chips signals could happen because of other RFs signals or conveyor belts present in the organization. To effectively implement RFID technology the warehouse and vehicles have to be fitted with readers and they need to be connected to the organizations computer network for information exchange. All of these changes results in increase of expenses. There is no standardization of software, hardware and network protocols. Better RFID systems with much low cost and privacy issues are to be used. If possible to overcome the above problems, unify the industry with standards and convince users of this technologys benefits then RFIDs future looks favorable (Reddy, 2012). Conclusion Therefore from the above discussion it can be concluded that even with many shortcoming and issues that obstructs the global application of RFID, it can be seen that organizations with complex supply chain management process benefits from its application, once the difficulties of its applications are dealt with. If organization incorporates this RFID technology it reduces human errors, increase tasks accuracy and improve safety. Although sole usage of RFID cannot have advantage if we want proper results we have to incorporate it with organizations supply chain management References Avanco, L., Guelfi, A. E., Pontes, E., Silva, A. A., Kofuji, S. T., Zhou, F. (2015, October). An effective intrusion detection approach for jamming attacks on RFID systems. InRFID Technology (EURFID), 2015 International EURASIP Workshop on(pp. 73-80). IEEE. Chen, Y. Y., Huang, D. C., Tsai, M. L., Jan, J. K. (2012). A design of tamper resistant prescription RFID access control system.Journal of medical systems,36(5), 2795-2801. Coustasse, A., Tomblin, S., Slack, C. (2013). Impact of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies on the hospital supply chain: a literature review.Perspectives in Health Information Management, (Fall). Dwivedi, Y. K., Kapoor, K. K., Williams, M. D., Williams, J. (2013). RFID systems in libraries: An empirical examination of factors affecting system use and user satisfaction.International Journal of Information Management,33(2), 367-377. Hill, N. P. R. (2012).U.S. Patent No. 8,240,085. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Jia, X., Feng, Q., Fan, T., Lei, Q. (2012, April). RFID technology and its applications in Internet of Things (IoT). InConsumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), 2012 2nd International Conference on(pp. 1282-1285). IEEE. Mayordomo, I., Drger, T., Spies, P., Bernhard, J., Pflaum, A. (2013). An overview of technical challenges and advances of inductive wireless power transmission.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(6), 1302-1311. Metzger, C., Thiesse, F., Gershwin, S., Fleisch, E. (2013). The impact of false-negative reads on the performance of RFID-based shelf inventory control policies.Computers Operations Research,40(7), 1864-1873. Reddy, M. V. R. (2012). Status of supply chain management in India.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,2(7), 429-432. Yang, P., Wu, W., Moniri, M., Chibelushi, C. C. (2013). Efficient object localization using sparsely distributed passive RFID tags.IEEE transactions on industrial electronics,60(12), 5914-5924. Zelbst, P. J., Green, K. W., Sower, V. E., Reyes, P. M. (2012). Impact of RFID on manufacturing effectiveness and efficiency.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(3), 329-350. Zhu, X., Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Kurata, H. (2012). A review of RFID technology and its managerial applications in different industries.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(1), 152-167.

Industrial Waste Water Treatment for Textile - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIndustrial Waste Water Treatment for Textile. Answer: Introduction: Industrial waste water treatment is the process used in industries to effectively treat effluents and waste water that come out as efflux from by-product of industries. This helps in reusing the water and protecting the environment from contamination. This helps to preserve the recreational values of water and also reduce negative health impact in community. Many types of pollutants are found in waste water such as decayed organic matter, excessive nutrient, chorine compounds, metals and other toxic substance. All this can have a harmful impact on the ecosystem and acts as threat for human health, aquatic life and wildlife too. Hence, treating water and waste is necessary in all industries. This report particularly analyzes the process of waste water treatment in textile industries and identified the problem in the process. It also seeks to find solution effectively treat the water produced from such industries. Waste Water Treatment Process and Problems Involved: Waste Water Produced in Textile Industry Textile industry is the highest growth industry that contributes to the economic growth of countries. However, the problem seen in these industries that high amount of water is consumed in the production of textiles and it also results in discharge of high amount of waste water. The most important source of contamination is the released of dyes from this industry after fibre dyeing and finishing process. Textile fibres produced in textile industries mainly consists of two types such as the natural fiber and the manufactured fiber. 90% of the organic dye used in industry are utilized in fibers and the rest is released as industry effluent (Pang Abdullah, 2013). The dyeing and finishing processes in this industry is the major contributor to pollution as it requires use of large amounts of chemicals and organic dyes. As water is used as a medium to apply dyes in fabric for finishing, some of the products end up as waste. Most of the waste contains high amount of suspended soli, nitroge n, heavy metals. During the manufacturing process of textiles, many anti-microbial agents resistant to biodegradation are used. Hence, according to environmental legislation, it is necessary to treat the dye-containing effluents before disposal into water bodies (Ozturk et al., 2015). Characteristics of Textile Industry Effluent Textile fiber products are manufactured in textile industries by means of series of mechanical process such as dry treatment and wet treatment. Dry treatment process includes spinning, weaving, knitting and fiber production, whereas the wet treatment process includes pretreatment by desizing, bleaching and mercerizing followed by dyeing, printing and finishing process. Hence, wet treatment requires high consumption of water and application of extensive organic dyes in the dyeing and finishing process resulting in high chance of environmental pollution and health related risk (Savin Butnaru, 2008). Figure 1: Process followed in textile industry. Source: (Information about the textile industry - Efficiency Finder, 2017) The waste water coming out after this process is high in Ph, temperature, toxicity, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and total organic carbon. Textile industry is one of the major source of serious pollution issues. The colour of the dye is not the main reason for problem, rather the breakdown products that the dye releases contributes to toxic and carcinogenic characteristics (Carmen Daniela, 2012). Therefore, textile industry follows various process to treat water and meet legislative requirement for treatment of water and waste water. Figure 2: Characteristics of textile effluent. Source: (Pang Abdullah, 2013). Process Followed for treatment of textile industry effluent and challenges in the process Textile industry follows advanced methods for the treatment including adsorption, ion exchange, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, ozonation, evaporation and many others. Four level of treatment is used for waste water treatment which are as follows: Use of preliminary treatment by means of physical methods to removes large solids and greases in water. Use of primary treatment by utilizing physical and chemical methods to remove suspended solids and organic matters in waste water. Use of secondary treatment by using biological and chemical methods to eliminate biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids. Use of tertiary methods to remove residual suspended solids. This can be done by means of physical, biological and chemical methods (Verma, Dash, Bhunia, 2012). Many combination of treatment process is used to treat waste water and safely dispose them without causing environmental risk and threats. Although many advanced technique of physical, chemical, electrochemical methods is available for treatment of effluent, many of the methods are time consuming and need large operational areas. Some of the methods have been found to be ineffective in treating toxic elements contained in waste water. For example, the biological treatment by means of aerobic and anaerobic process is not successful because in anaerobic condition, the azo dye is converted to hazardous aromatic amines (Khandegar Saroha 2013). Advanced oxygen process (AOP) is useful to overcome this limitation in other technique as it sufficiently removes organic matters, traceable organic contaminant and inorganic pollutants prior to biological treatment of effluents. Currently, metal oxide semiconductors are used in AOP treatment of waste water containing dye because of its degradatio n efficiency and low toxicity properties. As dye waste water is the reason for environmental and health problems, the innovative approach of AOP was proposed to treat waste water. This process uses the OH radicals to trigger a reaction leading to the breakdown of azo dye molecules into less harmful substances. On the other hand, the semiconductors photocatalyst used in the process promotes wide application of the process, as it is less expensive and does not cause any loss on photocatalytic activity. Currently, titanium oxides, zinc oxide and molybdate has been identified as effective phtocatalysts for the degradation of dye in waste water (Chan et al., 2011). However, this process is not widely used in textile industry because the overall cost is high. Its operating condition is very specific which increased the installation and operating cost. The study by Khandegar Saroha, (2013) gives insight into the process of electrocoagulation for treatment of textile industry effluent. This has been considered effective than other methods because of its versatility and compatibility with the environment. The effluent generated in the sizing, dyeing, fining and scouring process contains salts, dye, alkali and cleaning solvents. The salt released from the effluent may result in soil infertility and damage of aquatic life. Electro-coagulation has been regarded as a simple and effective process for the treatment of waste water and this fact is supported by many research studies (Aoudj et al., 2010) it has helped to remove heavy metals from waste water, on the other hand it also facilitate removal of arsenic, sulfide, nitrate and chromate. This technique is facilitated by the use of current source between metal electrodes and dipping it in the effluent. The metal ions form a wide range of coagulated species that aggregate and absorb dis solved contaminants. The study has been found to be effective when combined with other treatment methods. However, the removal efficiency for pollutants is high in electrocoagulation method compared to other methods. Another study gave the idea that decolorization and detoxification of textile industry effluent can be done by means of Pseudomonas bacteria. Apart from bacterial treatment, fungal treatment is also done in textile industry. However, fungal treatment is not effective because optimum activity of the enzyme is dependent on low pH requirements. Bacterial decolorization process has been considered effective because it involves oxidoreductive enzymes such as laccase and azoreductase. By means of the study on the best strain for biodegradation, it was found that Pseudomonas sp. has the ability to degrade and detoxify textile industry effluent. It helped in eliminating the waste water characteristics of chemical oxygen demand (Telke et al., 2010). On the other hand, Khlifi et al., (2010) proposed the decolorization and detoxification of textile industry wastewater by means of laccase mediator system. However, this study conclude that simple decolorization technique cannot result in detoxifi cation as the industry effluent is till toxic despite the use of most effective synthetic mediators. Chemical coagulation or flocculation technique is also regarded as a technology for removing color in textile waste water. This process involves the addition of chemicals in water to change the physical state of dissolved solids and suspended solids. This facilitates sedimentation process of the waste product. However, this process is sometimes disrupted by the entrapment of large coagulant. Hence, this process can be utilized only in the pretreatment process to remove waste materials in suspended forms that takes much time to settle down. Although the overall cost of this treatment is high, however this process is limited by the production of large amount of sludge in the effluent. In addition, the decolorization process is not effective for all soluble dyes (Verma, Dash, Bhunia, 2012). It can be successful only if small amount of dye is treated, however this cannot be feasible in textile industry where large amount of effluent is generated. Solutions to the Treatment Process The analysis and evaluation of different treatment processes used in the textile industry revealed weakness and limitations of many approaches. This limitation may severely challenges and cause problem in textile industry if waste water treatment is not adequately managed. Hence, it is necessary that an appropriate solution to the weakness is identified to promote efficiency in the waste water treatment process. In relation to the used of laccase mediators for detoxification of waste water, it was found ineffective in eliminating the toxicity levels in water. The natural mediators like acetosyringon can solve this issue. The effectiveness of the mediator can be judges by pre-toxicity screening test by means of bioluminescence test to gain idea about the overall toxicity of waste water and dye effluents in the industry (Khlifi et al., 2010). On the other hand, different technique of decolorizatoon method was also ineffectiveness either due to high cost or due to lack of ineffectiveness in achieving decolorization. Apart from laccase mediator, use of flocculation technique is also challenging because soluble dyes have high solubility. Furthermore, selection of best coagulant is very difficult with the advent of new dyes with complex structure (Verma, Dash, Bhunia, P. (2012). Hence, the solution to overcome these challenges in the treatment process is to use the electro-coagulation technique as a treatment process as it has numerous advantages. It has the potential to destabilize the small colloidal particle and also generate minimum amount of sludge. Furthermore, it is cost effective as it requires no additional cost and it is more readily filterable. The startup time for the operating the technique is also minimum Conclusion: The report on water and waste water treatment process in textile industry summarized the issue of generation of large amount of polluted effluent leading to environmental risk and health concerns for the community. With this issue, identification of the most appropriate treatment process for waste water effluent is critical to facilitate effective removal of waste. The evaluation of various techniques revealed various strength and limitations of the technique. Furthermore, based in the challenges identified in the treatment process, the electro-coagualtion process was considered the most effective in treating waste water effluent. Reference Aoudj, S., Khelifa, A., Drouiche, N., Hecini, M., Hamitouche, H. (2010). Electrocoagulation process applied to wastewater containing dyes from textile industry.Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification,49(11), 1176-1182. Carmen, Z., Daniela, S. (2012). Textile organic dyescharacteristics, polluting effects and separation/elimination procedures from industrial effluentsa critical overview. InOrganic Pollutants Ten Years After the Stockholm Convention-Environmental and Analytical Update(pp. 55-81). InTech: Croatia. Chan, S. H. S., Yeong Wu, T., Juan, J. C., Teh, C. Y. (2011). Recent developments of metal oxide semiconductors as photocatalysts in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treatment of dye waste?water.Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology,86(9), 1130-1158. doi:10.1002/jctb.2636 Information about the textile industry - Efficiency Finder. (2017).Wiki.zero-emissions.at. Retrieved 26 May 2017, from https://wiki.zero-emissions.at/index.php?title=Information_about_the_textile_industry Khandegar, V., Saroha, A. K. (2013). Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile industry effluent--a review.Journal of Environmental Management,128, 949-963. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.043 Khlifi, R., Belbahri, L., Woodward, S., Ellouz, M., Dhouib, A., Sayadi, S., Mechichi, T. (2010). Decolourization and detoxification of textile industry wastewater by the laccase-mediator system.Journal of Hazardous Materials,175(1), 802-808. Ozturk, E., Karaboyac?, M., Yetis, U., Yigit, N. O., Kitis, M. (2015). Evaluation of integrated pollution prevention control in a textile fiber production and dyeing mill.Journal of Cleaner Production,88, 116-124. Pang, Y. L., Abdullah, A. Z. (2013). Current status of textile industry wastewater management and research progress in Malaysia: a review.CleanSoil, Air, Water,41(8), 751-764. Savin, I. I., Butnaru, R. (2008). Wastewater characteristics in textile finishing mills.Environmental engineering and management journal,7(6), 859-864. Telke, A. A., Joshi, S. M., Jadhav, S. U., Tamboli, D. P., Govindwar, S. P. (2010). Decolorization and detoxification of Congo red and textile industry effluent by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SU-EBT.Biodegradation,21(2), 283-296. Verma, A. K., Dash, R. R., Bhunia, P. (2012). A review on chemical coagulation/flocculation technologies for removal of colour from textile wastewaters.Journal of Environmental Management,93(1), 154. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.09.012

A Path to Forgiveness Student Loans Professor Ramos Blog

A Path to Forgiveness Student Loans When I was younger I met a guy that was about 4 years older then me, his name was Johnathan. We called him Jonny for short. Jonny worked with me at a â€Å"dead end† job, I eventually befriended him and learned his story. Here is his story. Jonny came from a middle-class family in Redlands. He attended Cal State San Bernardino, where he had to get many student loans in order to attend classes every semester and get his degree. He graduated with a bachelor’s in English and $55,000 in debt. Jonny was a very smart guy, but he just could not find a job that would pay him more then the $14.00 an hour he was making now. So eventually his 6-month grace period ended, and he had to start paying his student loans back, soon he started to fall behind on his other financial responsibilities because he had to pay his student loans. He had to move back in with his parents, almost lost his car and in the end his credit score was hit very hard. This was 3 years before I met Jonny. Now at this point Jonny has given up with trying to get a good job and has become as alcoholic due to financial stress which led to depression. Is there really what we want the bright minds of our society to fall into if they can’t afford to pay back student loans? If we forgive student loans, real life tragedies like Jonny would never happen. Student loans are a blessing for many people who would not be able to afford to go to college. They provide financial backing for these people to go to college without having to constantly stress on the thought â€Å"will I have enough money to register for classes next semester?† Student loans come in two forms subsidized and unsubsidized. The former does not accrue interest while the student is attending school. The later does accrue intertest while the student is in school. â€Å"The average student loan debt after graduation is $37,000.† (Gang 4) Imagine yourself just graduating college, what a joyous day! Now you start to think â€Å"I have a degree but roughly $37,000.00 in debt I have to pay back.† I know what you’re thinking $37,000.00 doesn’t sound so bad, but don’t forget the interest which is anywhere from 1-20% on the original amount borrowed. So back to imagining yourself after you graduated, wouldn’t it be nice to only ha ve to pay back some or even none of your student loan? Well, there is, and these programs are known as student loan forgiveness programs to help you with getting rid of your student loans. So, let me show you why we should forgive student loans. As a society we all benefit from people going to college and getting degrees, education helps us move society into the future. Most people do not want to be in debt and student loan debt â€Å"is now the second largest debt balance after mortgage indebtedness.† (McCarthy 1) Overtime people have come up with â€Å"forgiveness programs† for student loans. There are multiple types of programs available. Most of them do not completely pay off your student loans but can cut them down drastically. These programs are a huge incentive for people who want to go to college but must rely on student loans. Let’s talk about the effect of debt, and not just the obvious that you owe money that you sometimes can not pay. Debt has many psychological effects on people. The effects include but are not limited to â€Å"depression and high stress levels† (Chou) These psychological effects can majorly impact college graduates, especially newly grads. Imagine trying to find a job while being stressed out about being many thousands of dollars in debt. It will distract you from being able to completely focus. Now imagine that your going to become a teacher, public servant, doctor or joining the military. If you are going into one of these fields, you can get most of your student loan dismissed. Most of these programs do however require you to work for a minimum amount of time or a make a minimum amount of payments. President Trump has already made changes to student loans and their forgiveness programs. Most of these changes are very beneficially for students, Trump feels that the government should not profit from student loans but does not completely agree with student loan forgiveness. Previously if a portion or all your student loan was â€Å"forgiven† then it would be considered taxable income. For example, when you went to go do your taxes if you made $60,000 from your job and you had $40,000 in student loan forgiven your taxable income would be $100,000. This could leave people with tax debt, what is the point of losing your student loan debt, just to gain tax debt? In the passed bill H.R-1 it states â€Å"(Sec. 11031) This section temporarily modifies the exclusion of student loan discharges from gross income to exclude from gross income certain discharges on account of the death or total and permanent disability of the student.† (U.S. Congress) Before this bill was passed if a student was permanently disabled the student would still owe his student loan debt. If a student were to die, his family would inherit their debt. This bill has eliminated permanently disabled or dead students owing their student loans. Another program that Trump improved to help with student loans is the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. This program has long been in place but was in danger of being thrown out. As a temporary measure Trump has extended the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. â€Å"The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program forgives the remaining balance on your Direct Loans after you have made 120 qualifying monthly payments under a qualifying repayment plan while working full-time for a qualifying employer.† (Public Student Loan Forgiveness) I have shown you many facts about student loans and the negative impacts they can have before and after college. It can cause extra stress on top of the already stressful life’s we have that can easily turn into depression as you seen in Johnny’s story. I feel that as a society we can forgive student loans because the people who graduate college are very important to our society. If we did not have higher education, we would be a society filled with unintellectual people. So maybe next time a bill or law comes our way to help forgiveness of student loans. Think about all the negative effects of student loans and vote to help forgive student loans. WORKS CITED Chou, Eileen Y., et al. â€Å"Economic Insecurity Increases Physical Pain.† Psychological Science, vol. 27, no. 4, Apr. 2016, pp. 443–454, doi:10.1177/0956797615625640. Gang, Liang. â€Å"Institutional Factors Influencing International Student Graduation Rates and Debt† 24 August 2018, https://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/6339. Accessed 28 October 2018. McCarthy, Irene N., and Benjamin Rue Silliman. â€Å"An Earned Student Loan Repayment Program: A Tax Policy Proposal.† Journal of Business Accounting, vol. 8, no. 1, Fall 2015, pp. 27–50. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bshAN=112921358site=ehost-live. â€Å"Public Student Loan Forgiveness† https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/repay-loans/forgiveness-cancellation/public-service Accessed 28 October 2018. PR Newswire. â€Å"Subsidized Versus Unsubsidized Federal Student Loans What’s the Difference? Ameritech Financial Offers Clarity.† PR Newswire US, 9 May 2018. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bwhAN=201805090800PR.NEWS.USPR.NY90626site=ehost-live. United States Congress. â€Å"H.R.1 - 115th Congress (2017-2018)† 22 December, 2017 https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1

10 New Years Resolutions for Career Success in 2017

10 New Years Resolutions for Career Success in 2017 It’s hard to believe, but 2017 is right around the corner. This can be a great time to take stock and press the reset button, making positive resolutions for the future. These are often focused on personal improvement goals or hobbies, but could just as easily be a chance to buckle down, focus, and advance your career. This year, consider tailoring your resolutions to maximize career success, making sure to choose realistic goals that you can meet in any given year, rather than having the same goals end up on your resolutions list year in and year out without anything coming of it.Here are 10 of the best New Year’s resolutions for career advancement and success.1. Get PromotedSit down and take yourself through an evaluation of your career. What’s working well? What areas need attention? Then come up with a game plan for what your next step should be- be that a raise or a promotion. Figure out what you’d have to do to make either of those things happen, the n set about doing just that. You can’t always control the outcome, but you can control putting yourself in the best possible position.2. Acquire a SkillIt’s never too late to learn something new- and it’s always a great way to beef up your resume. Pick something that will fill a gap in your hiring profile, or that will really help you move to the next stage. Above all, pick something that interests you so you’ll be sure to follow through.3.  Become an Industry ExpertMake a resolution to keep a better eye on industry news and trends. Read blogs or newsletters or news sites that are relevant to your career and do it daily. With your morning coffee, perhaps. Being informed is an asset, and you’ll be surprised at how knowledgeable you become- and how valuable you’ll make yourself.4. Organize Your LifeBeing more organized is always an ongoing project. But this year pick one or a few things that you can be more proactive about. Separate your per sonal and professional social media spheres. Clean out your email inbox and come up with a system to keep it clean, starting fresh every day at 0 unread messages. Tidy your desk. Make a to-do list. Figure out a way to keep yourself efficient and productive all year long.5. SchmoozeWe could all always be doing more networking. Take your connection-making goals off the back burner and start building your network. Get active online, on LinkedIn and Facebook and Twitter, attend more industry events, ask a contact out for an informational coffee. Try doing at least one networking thing a month, then build to two or even one a week.6. Get HealthyYou’ll be surprised at how much difference a little extra sleep and some healthy eating can make. Cut back on alcohol or sugar. Exercise more. Quit smoking. You’ll live longer, have more energy, and find yourself much more motivated overall to reach your other goals.7. Learn How to Take CriticismHow we handle criticism is important. Train yourself to seek out constructive criticism and to be less defensive when hearing what you could be doing better. Feedback like this can be a great way to locate places where you ought to focus more. Free career advice!8. Quit If You Have ToIf your job is a dead-end, or you know you should have left long ago, consider making this the year you take the leap. Make sure you have a safety net and plan in place, but make turning your career around a priority.  9. Say Yes to What Scares YouIf someone offers you an opportunity or a challenge, take it. Don’t just demure because it would require more work or energy or is a bit risky. Leap at the big chances and see how far you can run.10. Find BalanceWork-life balance is a term so often thrown around these days. Take a minute to see where your particular balance falls out of whack, and figure out a solid plan on how to correct that imbalance. Remember, when you’re healthy and happy, you’ll work harder and achieve more.

Income and Substitution Effects of a Price Change Essay

Income and Substitution Effects of a Price Change - Essay Example Complete, reflexive and transitive are the axioms of consumer theory. The theory of consumer preferences can be formulated on the basis of the above axioms (Samuelson, 1956. p.3). The two axes represent a typical consumption of a consumer of goods 1 and 2. A consumption bundle (x1,x2) is taken along with the other consumption bundles that are preferred weakly to the selected bundle. This is what we mean by a set that is weakly preferred. The indifference curve is formed by the bundles forming the boundary of the selected set i.e. the bundles that will provide the consumer as much satisfaction as the selected bundle. The indifference curve can be drawn through any consumption bundle. One of the disadvantages in using indifference curve analysis is that it shows only the consumption bundle perceived by the consumer is indifferent. It fails to capture the bundles which are better or worse. One of its characteristics is indifference curve that represents distinct preferential levels cannot cross. The rate at which the consumer likes to substitute goods is called the marginal rate of substitution. MRS is derived from the slope of the indifference curve The budget constraint of the consumer is p1x1+p2x2=m. The consumption of good 1 is taxed at a rate of t. The new budget constraint will be (p1+t)x1+p2x2=m. The effect of the change in price on the demand conditions is shown in the figure below. The set of bundles that are preferred by a consumer to the optimal choice is above the indifference curve and the set of bundles that is against the affordability is above the indifference curve. Hence the optimal choice is the best bundle that can be chosen by the consumer. Now, an income tax is taken into consideration which raises the revenue by the same amount as the tax. The form of that budget constraint will be p1x1+p2x2=m-tx1*, where tx1* is the rise in revenue because of tax.

Old Spice verses Axe - Which is More Effective Research Paper

Old Spice verses Axe - Which is More Effective - Research Paper Example Some of the respondents answered that sexuality is natural and therefore it is alright to use axe for these experiences while other respondents felt annoyed that these aspects must not be used for commercial advertising. Axe incorporates much higher tendency of sexuality in its commercials while old spice keeps it moderate. Perhaps due to this reason, the effectiveness and popularity of old spice is way higher than axe till date. Brand Extension is defined as that marketing strategy of a company in which the company uses the same brand name for different products. An example of Dove can be taken in this regard. The company uses the same brand name that is ‘Dove’ for all its products which include bar soap, face wash, hand wash, body wash, shampoos, conditioners, deodorants, moisturizers, hair color etc. The original brand name is Dove which is used for the entire product range of the company. Line Extension is that marketing strategy where the company uses the same brand name for launching new variants of the existing products. In this case, the company can introduce new flavors, colors, sizes, forms, packaging, added ingredients etc. An example of ‘Maggi’ can be taken in this case. The company uses the same brand name for all the new variants it launch be it noodles, soups, flavorings anything. Private Brand is those products which are produced, marketed, distributed and controlled by retailers. There is the famous example of Private Brand in U.K. the most popular examples are ASDA, Sainsbury, Tesco which produce, control and market products by their own names. There is a number of products produced and marketed by these famous stores.

Terrorism and anti-terrorism laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrorism and anti-terrorism laws - Essay Example The most prominent combination of the War Measures Act, Canadian security certificate program, and Canada’s own Anti-Terrorism Act provides a stable and strong anti-terrorist legal framework in the country. However, the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act functions as the most powerful element of this framework. The Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act extends the legal sphere of the war measures mechanism. Canada has fought wars with the United States and also it had conflicts with the Native Indian populations on certain occasions. During the World War II, Canada participated in several military operations in Europe and Asia-Pacific region. During Cold War, tensions regarding the country’s internal security concerns often surfaced. Hence, formulating the Anti-Terrorism Act in response to the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks was challenging but not impossible. Technically, this Act extends the powers of the institutions and the Government athwart the country’s security establishment so that they can address, combat, and diminish the threat of terror. The Act has some most important law enforcement process at focus. These are pre-emptive detention, extended surveillance, investigative hearing, preventive arrest, and stringent sentencing. Thus, it is highly similar to the USA PATRIOT Act, which was passed after the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2012) It has been already mentioned that although Canada’s past has been relatively peaceful, the country’s involvement in several important greater international conflicts cannot be ignored. Like World War II and Cold War, Canada got involved in the War on Terror too. And like the previous conflicts, this conflict too called for certain specific and special arrangements. Terrorism has its peculiar dynamics. Since it is not direct warfare and even terrorist states enjoy diplomatic immunity in the modern society, it may prove to be more dangerous in the sense of psychological effect. And in the

Leadership In The Small Business

Leadership In The Small Business Leadership is one of the important factors for the survival and success of entrepreneurial ventures. During the second half of the 20th century, there were a lot of literatures about leadership emanating from the United States. However, these researches mainly focused on the leadership in large companies and organizations. How relevant is the picture for small and medium business? Does the experience or lessons of large companies and organizations on management adapt to the small and medium business? These questions have attracted more attentions due to the development of the small and medium business. The definition of the small business varies in different countries and even in different industries. But the small business holds an important position for the development of domestic economy and even the global economy. Therefore, it is essential for scholars on management to study the leadership in the small business. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the importance of leadership in the small business in order to provide some suggestions for the small business on leadership. There are six parts in this essay. The first part is a brief introduction consisting of the writing significance, the writing purpose and the structure of this essay. The second part of this essay will introduce the leadership and its functions. The essay will introduce the small business and its features in the third part. The main part of this essay is the fourth part, where the importance of leadership in the small business will be analyzed, including the leadership in small business and the significance of leadership in the small business. And the fifth part will provide some recommendations to leaders in small business for bringing a success to their own companies in the future. And a conclusion will be made in the end. 2. Leadership and Its Functions This essay will represent some relevant knowledge about leadership and its function in this part. 2.1 The definition of Leadership Leadership is one of the most important factors for the development of each company and organization. Lots of researchers on entrepreneurship use the terms management and leadership interchangeably. However, the leaders and managers are not necessarily the same (Johnson, 2013). And according to Johnson (2013), the main distinction between leaders and managers are that the leaders have some followers they can inspire to action, but the managers have some resources that they can allocate. Therefore, the leadership can be regarded as a process by which the leaders take some measures to influence the thoughts, attitudes and behaviors of others (Mills, 2005). 2.2 The Types of leadership style Different types of leadership styles exist in the work environments. And each leadership style has the advantages and disadvantages. And the culture and goals of an organization are the two important factors to determine which leadership style is appropriate for the company or organization best (Johnson, 2013). In the following, this essay will introduce the leadership styles in a vague and general way. The leadership styles include the laissez-faire leadership style, the autocratic leadership style, the participative leadership style, the transactional leadership style, the transformational leadership style, etc (Goleman, 2000). The laissez-faire leaders often allow their employees to work by themselves. And sometimes the managers do not have enough control over their work and their people (Taleghani, Salmani and Taatian, 2010). The laissez-faire leaders will give complete freedom to their employees to do the work. However, in the autocratic leadership style, the leaders have complete power over their employees and the employees have few opportunities to make suggestions (Travis, 2013). In the transactional leadership, the employees will follow their leaders when their leaders distribute tasks to them, and therefore, the transactional leadership focuses on the short-term tasks (Taleghani, Salmani and Taatian, 2010). Whats more, a transformational leader pays more attention to the employees higher needs, such as fulfillment or justice (Travis, 2013). 2.3 The functions Significance of leadership Since leadership plays an important role on the success of companies and organizations, the functions cannot be belittled. The leadership functions are related with the functions of leaders management. The leaders have to set the goals for companies, motivate and inspire their subordinates, make plans for companies for more profits, and this essay will analyze the functions of leadership from these perspectives. 2.3.1 To develop company culture One of the functions of leadership is to create and develop company culture. The employees may perform as a team or perform as individuals. If the companys tasks need cooperation between employees, the leaders should implement some measures and adopt relevant policies to make employees to cooperate with each other, under which circumstance, the cooperation will become one key aspect of company culture. 2.3.2 To ensure the effectiveness of group-effort By management, the leaders should delegate the authority to take measures to make employees to contribute the maximum energy and time to jobs and the achievement of objectives of the companies (HubPages, 2013). Meanwhile, by management, the leaders can ensure the availability of resources and make sure that the resources can be used to the largest extent. 2.3.3 To make plans for the companies The leaders and employees need to aware of the schedule and their own responsibilities to complete the achievement, and then the leaders make plans for the company to ensure that the company can gain more achievement. 3. Small Business and Its features This essay has introduced the definition and functions of leadership in the second part. Simultaneously, the previous studies on leadership mainly focus on the large enterprises. Therefore, it is very important for researchers to analyze the leadership in the small business. Before this, this essay will mainly introduce the small business and its features in a vague and general way. 3.1 The definition of small business In accordance with the United States Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy, more than 99.5% of all U.S. firms are small business (Cooper, 2013). Although the definition varies from industry to industry and is different in different countries, the small business refers to that the firms are with less than 500 employees in general issued by the United States Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy (Cooper, 2013). In Australia, the small businesses always refer to the companies with less than 100 employees (Gray, Densten Sarros, 2003). 3.2 The history of small business It is reasonable to gain the conclusion that the small business holds an important position for the development of gross economy from the statistics issued by the United States Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy. And since the definition of small business varies from country to country, and therefore, the history of small business is also different in different countries. For example, the origin of small business can date back to the 17th century in the USA (U.S. Department of State, 2013). And in China, the origin of small business can date back to the 14th-15th century. In one word, the small business has a long history. 3.3 What are the features of small business? In order to analyze the importance of leadership in the business small business, the researchers should make acquaintance with the features of small business. Firstly, generally, the business owners always are the leaders of the companies or organizations (Vitez, 2013). The business owners have to make plans and set goals for the companies and organizations (Vitez, 2013). Secondly, due to its size and investment capitals, the small business always have limited resources and low-end technology, so it is difficult for the small business to compete with large enterprises and even the medium business. According to Vitez (2013), the operational management is one the most important parts for the small business management and due to the size, the small businesses are easier to operate. 3.4 The current issues on management faced by small business Small businesses always are confronted with lots of problems related to their size and limited investment technology. This essay will mainly analyze the current issues on management faced by small businesses. Firstly, because the small business owners must be the leaders of companies or organizations, the business owners have to pay more attention to the needs of their company on talents, the establishments of companies goals and other works, and due to the limitation of energy, the management of small businesses may be into chaos. Secondly, because of the limited capitals, it is difficult for small business to adopt the newest technology, so they may adopt lower-end management technology. The above-mentioned contents also can illustrate the necessity to update the leadership in the small businesses. 4. The Importance of Leadership in the Small Business This essay has introduced the functions of leadership and the features and the current management issues of small business. In this part, this essay will analyze the importance of leadership in the small business. And at first, this essay will represent the leadership in the small business, where the features of leadership in the small businesses compared with big and medium size enterprises. 4.1 Leadership in Small Business Due to its size of small business, the owners of the small business must be the leaders of the companies or organizations and the small business is easier to operate. There are some distinctive features of the leadership in small business. Firstly, the owners of the small business always provide the mission, values and goals for the small business (Vitez, 2013). And the owners should run the company and lead other employees to achieve the goals of company. Therefore, the leadership in small business demands the owners of small business to work through employees, not around them (Vitez, 2013). Secondly, the owners of small business also should attach importance on the human resource needs of their own companies or organizations. The recruitment of employees holds a key position for the development and expansion of every company and organization. Therefore, the leadership in the small business also requires the owners of the small business to lead the employees. Different from the human resource management, the owner of the small business should directly understand the current job market and the salary standard for different job positions (Dalglish, 2003). Meanwhile, the owner also should train new employees directly (Dalglish, 2003). Thirdly, the owners of the small business often are the leaders, and therefore, there are few other leaders in the small business. As a result, unlike the leaders in the large companies or organizations, the leaders in the small business should make decisions on the development and expansion on their own (Dalglish, 2003). Whats more, unlike th e large companies or organizations, the owners of the small business should pay attention to the cash flow, paying bills, collecting money from customers. Simultaneously, the owners of the small business should make decision in accordance with the accounting information. All in all, the owners of the small business are also the leaders in the small business. Unlike the leaders of the large companies and organizations, the leaders in the small business should make themselves acquaintance with business knowledge in various fields. 4.2 Significance of leadership in the Small Business It is reasonable to gain the conclusion that the leadership in the small business is very important and significant from the analysis in the prior parts. In this part, this essay will mainly analyze the significance of leadership in the small business from some perspectives. 4.2.1 To Help the Small Business to Win the Competition in the Market When researchers analyze the development and survival of the small business, they often attach importance on the entrepreneurial activity as a strategy to offset economic deterioration brought about by globalization. Under the circumstance of globalization, the small businesses are in an increasingly competitive market (Bolden and Terry, 2000). For example, in the study made by Centre for Leadership Studies, all the interviewed small businesses held the opinion that when they operate in the global market, they must gain competitive threats in every direction (2000). However, good leadership can help the small business to win the competition in the market because they the good leadership can make appropriate strategies to develop and attract more talents to work for them. On the contrary, if the leaders in the small businesses make inappropriate or wrong strategies to develop their business, they may fail the competition in the market and even go bankruptcy (Ingram, 2013). For example , the Apple Inc was a small business, and even just a workshop at the beginning and now has become a well-known high-tech company due to the management of Jobs Stevens. In one word, the leadership can enhance the small businesses to win the competition in the market. 4.2.2 To Manage Changes Because continuous organizational change is essential to guarantee the development and survival of the small businesses (Bolden and Terry, 2000), if there is no change happening to the small businesses, they may go backwards. Simultaneously, the organizational culture of change can be considered as one of the most important factors to the development and survival of the small businesses (Abbas and Asghar, 2010). As a result, the main task for the leaders is to develop an organizational culture of change within the organization. Whats more, if the leaders do not have the ability to develop the culture of change within the organizations and companies, the small businesses cannot adapt to the changeable environment. Due to the development of the globalization, there are more changes happening to the market for the small businesses, for example, the introduction of technologies, the competition from the international companies and the increase of comprehensive talents, etc. Therefore, th e leadership is very important for the small businesses to manage changes within the organizations and outside the organizations. 4.2.3 To Overcome the Current Restriction, Barriers and Weaknesses According to the study made by the Centre for Leadership Studies (2000), the increasing level of legislation and regulation are the main barriers to growth and competitiveness by the leaders in the small businesses, especially the leaders in the manufacturing industry (p.14). Due to the increase of the small businesses in the market, the governments issued some policies and regulations to specify the development of the small businesses, which can be regarded as one of the main current restrictions. Meanwhile, due to its size and scale, there are some their own defects for the small businesses. For example, the location of the small businesses may be more distant from the markets compared to the large companies or organizations, and the small businesses cannot attract more talents like the large enterprises because the small businesses may have better reputations. Therefore, the leaders in the small businesses should take some measures to overcome the current restrictions, barriers an d weaknesses. 4.2.4 To Deal with the Potential Threats and Challenges There is a wide agreement that the small businesses are confronted with some potential threats and challenges, such as that it is difficult for the small businesses to acquire more advanced technologies and more qualified staffs to work for them (Chen, 2006). Meanwhile, because the small businesses may not have better reputations and cannot provide higher salaries to the employees, the small businesses can not retain existing employees (Bolden and Terry, 2000). Meanwhile, the financial factor is also one of the main threats and challenges for the small businesses due to the shortage of cash flow and the threats of bad debtors (Gartenstein, 2013). Whats more, due to the limitation of capitals and staffs, the small businesses may have no money and energy to spend on innovation, which may cause them to fail the competition in the market. As a result, one of the main tasks for the leaders in the small businesses is to deal with the potential threats and challenges. Thus, the good entrepreneurial activities can help the small businesses to transfer the potential challenges as the strengths for the small businesses. 4.2.5 To Strengthen Company Advantages Although there are some limitations and challenges of the small businesses, the small businesses also have some advantages, such as that the small businesses are easier to operate (Vitez, 2013). Moreover, the owners of the small businesses attach importance on the relationships between customers and make every effort to understand the supply and demands in the market. The other perceived strengths of the small businesses include that the small businesses is flexible to response the change in the market and have the ability to make their own decisions. Whats more, the staffs in the small businesses can interact with the senior directors and managers directly (Bolden and Terry, 2000). Simultaneously, all the employees in the small businesses know one another, which makes it easier to cooperate with each other. All of the above-mentioned contents are the advantages of the small businesses, and therefore, the good entrepreneurial activities can strengthen the company advantages. 4.2.6 To make correct development strategies and the ways forward Nearly all the companies and organizations should make development strategies and plans aiming at company growth. And most of the companies always achieve the growth of companies through building the company and increasing the profitability (Williams, 2013). As a result, the companies should implement some measures to build the company and increase the profitability. Under this circumstance, the leaders in the small businesses should make correct development strategies and the ways forward. However, some small companies do not have any correct development strategies. For example, in the study made by the Centre for Leadership Studies (2000), among the 12 interviewed companies, the leaders in the company 9 stated that this company did not have a documented strategy although they would like to become the most profitable company in the UK. Therefore, if the company wants to grow, it should maintain correct development strategies. On the contrary, the company 2 took a conscious decision on the commercial side and then gained more markets in the competition from other small businesses (Bolden and Terry, 2000). This essay has introduced that there are some challenges faced by the small businesses in the part 4.2.4. Some small businesses make strategies to deal with the challenges, such as that a number of companies make every effort to keep up-to-date technology (Taleghani, Salmani and Taatian, 2010). For example, the famous high-tech company in the USA, Apple Inc, was a small company at the beginning and now its products have been used all of the world due to the correct development strategies made by Jobs Stevens. Therefore, the leadership can enhance the small business to own correct development strategies and ways forward. 4.2.7 To make appropriate HRM policies to attract more talents Almost all the companies considered that the staff as one of the most important resource although the small business generally employ less than a hundred people (BusinessBlogs, 2010). The number of employees in the small businesses is not insignificant but the appropriate human resources management policies and activities can help in streamlining the function of human resource of the small businesses (BusinessBlogs, 2010). Human resource can be the vital assets of each company. Therefore, human resource management can benefit every small business. Generally speaking, a company in the small business mainly consists of less than 1000 employees, and the operation of the small business should obey the rules and regulations established by the authorities. The appropriate human resource management policies may grant equal rights to employees (Buzzle, 2013). Simultaneously, the appropriate human resource management policies also can help in recruitment and motivation of best talents in the industry (Buzzle, 2013). Whats more, the appropriate human resource management policies can act as a guide for the small businesses to establish professional relationships with employees (Buzzle, 2013). On the contrary, the inappropriate human resource management policies may make employees disappointed. For example, a Chinese small company, Ganzhou JB Magneto-Electricity Limited Liability Company has attached importance on the establishment of human resource management policies, for example, the leaders of this company adopts the differentiation salary incentive mechanism to attract more talents (Yang, 2008). Therefore, the leadership is very important because the leaders can make appropriate HRM policies to attract more talents and employees. 5. Recommendations to leaders in the Small Business The prior part of this essay has introduced the significance of the leadership in the small businesses, and therefore it is essential for the leaders to improve the management strategies. Under this circumstance, in this part, this essay will provide some recommendations to leaders in the small businesses. 5.1 To Communicate with Employees The leaders in the small businesses should communicate with employees in order to implement leadership. The leaders should communicate exactly what they are doing and what they will do in the future (Wictor, 2012). The leaders can take email and written announcement to notice the employees. Meanwhile, the leaders in the small business can prepare and hold some meetings to make clear agenda items and clear next steps to employees. For example, the Zappos Company always provides open letters to staffs. Whats more, the leaders should explain to staff about companys tasks and business and the people should not be managed without notice. 5.2 To Believe in the Employees However, before communicating with employees, the leaders in the small businesses should believe in the employees because the employees in the small business should be noticed about the goals of companies. Whats more, if the leaders believe in the employees, the employees will have the opinions that they are serving for themselves. If the leaders believe in the employees, the employees will actively understand and fulfill the specific roles of their own (Smith, 2013). 5.3 To Promote Innovation During the current society, the technology is very important for the development and survival of the small businesses, and therefore, the leaders in the small businesses should promote innovation. Firstly, the leaders in the small businesses should hire people smarter than themselves (Smith, 2013). Secondly, the leaders should spend more time, energy and money promoting innovation. For example, the leaders can learn about the advanced technologies from large enterprises and even go aboard to introduce higher technologies into their own companies and organizations. 5.4 To Try to Predict the Obstacles Nowadays, due to the development of the small businesses and the appearance of more small businesses, some authorities have issued some regulations and laws to slow the development of the small businesses. Meanwhile, the small businesses have some limitations and deficiencies, and therefore, the small businesses are confronted with some challenges and threats. Under this circumstance, the leaders should try to predict the obstacles and then to deal with these threats and challenges. 5.5 To Make Plans The leaders should make plans through taking time for a regular evaluation and analyzing the general and exact situation inside and outside the small businesses. The leaders should be good in crises so that they should not sit around to let crises develop (Dowell, 2013). The leaders should involve identifying potential problems and solving them before the crises develop further and deep (McQuerrey, 2013). Meanwhile, the good leaders should analyze the plans and adapt the plans to new circumstances and opportunities (Dowell, 2013). 6. Conclusion The small businesses have different definitions in different countries and industries but in general, the small businesses have less than 500 employees in the USA. The small business has a long history and plays an important role in the development of domestic and international economy. However, the small business has some deficiencies and due to its size and investment capitals, the small business always have limited resources and low-end technology, so it is difficult for the small business to compete with large enterprises and even the medium business. And leadership is one of the most important factors in the survival and success of entrepreneurial ventures. Thus, if the small business wants to achieve development, the leaders should pay more attention to the establish leadership and take more and better entrepreneurial activities because the leadership can enhance the small companies and organizations to win the competition in the market, to overcome the deficiencies, to strengthen the advantages and even help small businesses to make correct strategies. In conclusion, the leaders in the small business should believe in the employees and communicate with them in order to establish leadership in the small businesses.

Abusive Parents :: essays research papers

Researchers at the University of Toronto have taken important steps toward producing a profile of an abusive parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral student Lynn Oldershaw of the Department of Psychology have developed a system to characterize parents who physically abuse their children. This could ultimately allow social service professionals to identify parents in child abuse. Over the last five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in collaboration with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have examined over 100 mothers and their three to six-year-old children who have been physically abused. In the laboratory, the mother and child spend 30 minutes in structured activities such as playing, eating and cleaning-up. The family interaction is video-taped and later analyzed. The researchers have developed a system which allows them to record the effectiveness of parenting skills. They are particularly interested in disciplinary strategies because abuse most commonly occurs when the parent wants the child to comply. "It's a question of trying to determine which type of parent produces which type of child or which type of child elicits which type of parental behaviour," explains Oldershaw. As a result of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have identified distinct categories of abusive parents and their children. 'Harsh/intrusive' mothers are excessively harsh and constantly badger their child to behave. Despite the fact that these mothers humiliate and disapprove of their child, there are times when they hug, kiss or speak to them warmly. This type of mothering produces an aggressive, disobedient child. A 'covert/hostile' mother shows no positive feelings towards her child. She makes blatant attacks on the child's self-worth and denies him affection or attention. For his part, the child tries to engage his mother's attention and win her approval. An 'emotionally detached' mother has very little involvement with her child. She appears depressed and uninterested in the child's activities. The child of this type of mother displays no characteristics which set him apart from other children. In order to put together a parenting profile, the two researchers examine the mother/child interaction and their perception and feelings. For instance, Walters and Oldershaw take into account the mother's sense of herself as a parent and her impression of her child. The researchers also try to determine the child's perception of himself or herself and of the parent. Abusive parents are often believed to have inadequate parenting skills and are referred to

My Favourite Cafe

I would like to tell you some words about one of my favourite cafes in Murom. It is a suitable place to sit with a cup of tea or coffee or to spend spare time with your friends. In my humble opinion, it would be hard to find friendlier place in Murom than this litlle cafe, but of course it is a matter of taste. This coffee-house is located in Moscovskaya street near the cafe-club â€Å"Happiness†. The interior helps to create relaxed home atmosphere. It is a small cafe, which specializes in serving coffee and desserts with a small and simple dining room. You can find different types of coffee there – espresso, capuchino, latte, black coffee, coffee with cognac, liqueur and some others. Also this cafe provides all kinds of drinks – alcoholic and non-alcoholic, such as juice, mineral water and various types of tea. The cafe’s menu is rather diverse. You can eat salads, fish and meat dishes; tasty cakes, rolls and and pies with different fillings; fruits – apples, oranges, grapefruits and lemons cut in small pieces; sandwiches and pancakes with various syrops and sauces; sushi and a variety of ice-cream, that can be with fruit sweet syrops, nuts and chocolate. The interior of this cafe is rather cosy and comfortable. Inside the cafe one can observe several small wooden tables without table-cloths, wooden chairs and nice soft sofas. There are stands with sugar, salt and paper napkins on the tables. Near the entrance, there is a large mirror, therefore the visitors have an opportunity to look at themselves. Along the walls are wooden cases with some pictures and photos. You can always hear unostentatious and melodic music there. The waiters are rather neat, friendly and polite. Usually the order is ready quickly, and the visitors don’t wait for a long time. Unfortunately, I can’t remember, when this cafe starts its work, but I know that they close up usually at 1 o’clock am. Also, it is allowed to smoke there, but only after 7 o’clock pm. In the evening some visitors ask the waiter to bring them an ashtray, so that they can drink a cup of fresh coffee with a cigarette. The prices in this cafe are not very high. The cost of a cup of coffee varies from 40 to 150 rubles, ice-cream – about 100-130 rubles and a glass of juice 30-40 rubles. Usually I prefer to order several cups of coffee, tasty ice-cream and some sweet deserts – puddings, pancakes, pies, etc. In the middle of the cafe, one can see a small bar with a variety of alcohol drinks, mineral waters and juices. The room itself is looking not very large, yet it is bright, clean and pleasing to the eye. So you can easily enjoy yourself in this lovely place.

Free Essays on Loan Processing

Elements of your loan proposal Generally, the loan proposal is comprised of the following elements: 1. Summary: Comes first; written last. This should be clear, concise, accurate and inviting. You want to summarize how the proposed loan will be used, how it will be repaid and how it will benefit your business. Remember, that you are competing with many others, so you'll also want to point out some of the distinguishing features of your business. 2. Top management profiles: The key issue here is who are you? Be prepared to come under close scrutiny. You will need resumes as well as a summary of experience, qualifications and credentials for all owners and key members of your management team. 3. Business description: You don't need to repeat all of the information contained in your business plan, but you do need to present a solid description of your business. Include a brief overview of the history of your business, plus a summary of current activities. Make sure you clearly demonstrate that you understand your markets and industry (current trends and risks). Include literature showing your products or services. It is also helpful to include letters from suppliers, customers and other business references. 4. Projections: Include projected income statements and cash flow statements for two to three years. Your assumptions should be clearly stated and realistic. Generally, you don't need to show "best case" and "worst case" unless the banker asks you to do so. But do be prepared to answer questions (in quantifiable terms) about what happens if some of your assumptions don't come true. For example, if you anticipate obtaining a major new contract or customer as a result of newly expanded capacity, can you estimate the impact on your income statement if that customer decides to take her business elsewhere? 5. Financial Statements: The loan package must include both business and personal financial statements. Make sure th... Free Essays on Loan Processing Free Essays on Loan Processing Elements of your loan proposal Generally, the loan proposal is comprised of the following elements: 1. Summary: Comes first; written last. This should be clear, concise, accurate and inviting. You want to summarize how the proposed loan will be used, how it will be repaid and how it will benefit your business. Remember, that you are competing with many others, so you'll also want to point out some of the distinguishing features of your business. 2. Top management profiles: The key issue here is who are you? Be prepared to come under close scrutiny. You will need resumes as well as a summary of experience, qualifications and credentials for all owners and key members of your management team. 3. Business description: You don't need to repeat all of the information contained in your business plan, but you do need to present a solid description of your business. Include a brief overview of the history of your business, plus a summary of current activities. Make sure you clearly demonstrate that you understand your markets and industry (current trends and risks). Include literature showing your products or services. It is also helpful to include letters from suppliers, customers and other business references. 4. Projections: Include projected income statements and cash flow statements for two to three years. Your assumptions should be clearly stated and realistic. Generally, you don't need to show "best case" and "worst case" unless the banker asks you to do so. But do be prepared to answer questions (in quantifiable terms) about what happens if some of your assumptions don't come true. For example, if you anticipate obtaining a major new contract or customer as a result of newly expanded capacity, can you estimate the impact on your income statement if that customer decides to take her business elsewhere? 5. Financial Statements: The loan package must include both business and personal financial statements. Make sure th...

Case 3 Ben and Jerrys Essays

Case 3 Ben and Jerrys Essays Case 3 Ben and Jerrys Essay Case 3 Ben and Jerrys Essay In this case we are introduced to an ice cream company named Ben Jerry’s. Founded in 1978 in Vermont, this once small time ice cream shop has developed into one of the world’s largest ice cream producers with sales in excess of $237 million as of 2000. Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield’s unique relationship has proved successful for the past 30 years in part because of their social consciousness and their down-to-earth attitudes. This article is divided mainly into two parts; first the author summarizes the social consciousness of Ben Jerry’s Homemade and how it has led to their success in their industry. Secondly the author goes into detail about the offers that have been made for the ice cream giant by numerous companies and investment firms that were in the running to buy out Ben Jerry’s Homemade. We begin by discussing the social responsibility that Ben Jerry’s has been known for over 30 years now. Their three-part mission statement focuses on their product as well as the economic and social impact of their company, not only locally but also nationally and internationally. It becomes apparent that founders Cohen and Greenfield worry about more than just their bottom line. In an interview Cohen was quoted as being indifferent about the company’s stock prices and how the market had treated Ben Jerry’s as a whole: â€Å"I think the stock market goes up and down, unrelated to how a company is doing† (Bruner 43). This laid back attitude describes Cohen and Greenfield’s philosophy in a nutshell. It seems that they believe if you run a business efficiently and ethically, profits and success will soon follow. This has certainly been the case in spite of all the money the company donates and gives back to the respective communities in which the businesses thrive. They use cause-related marketing to show consumers that what they are doing during the production of their product is helping reduce their impact on the environment. It is one thing to â€Å"greenwash† and act as if the company really values these environmental issues, but according to this article Ben Jerry’s Homemade has really taken these issues to heart. The second part of the article focuses on the tender offers made to purchase Ben Jerry’s Homemade. The article describes four main players in the potential purchase of the ice cream company. Included are Dreyer’s-Grand, Unilever, Meadowbrook Lane Capital and Chartwell Investments. Althought the article does not say if any of these proposed deals panned out, it did go into detail about some of the numbers in the deals. At the time of the offers Ben Jerry’s Homemade was selling for about $21/share. Offers ranged from a $31/share stock purchase to a $36/share cash buyout, both well over the $21/share that the shares were selling for before the offer announcement. We are left with a scene of Henry Morgan, a member of the board of Ben Jerry’s Homemade, during his flight to Vermont for a board meeting to discuss the future of the company. In the meeting the board of directors would undoubtedly decide the fate of the independent company and try to figure out if accepting one of these offers would in fact create shareholder value which the company had not previously been doing according to their average return on shareholder’s equity.

Magnetisation Behaviour of Transition Metals and Ferrites Dissertation

Magnetisation Behaviour of Transition Metals and Ferrites - Dissertation Example Within this dissertation, an examinatio of ferro-, ferri-, and paramagnetic fields and how they all behave distinctly and how the level of magnetism of an object can be measured using a superconducting quantum interfering device (SQUID), the Magnetic Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE), or a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) will be examined. The use of Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) as a technological advancement with numerous applications within the technological industry that applies magnetic fields to every day appliances and objects will also be examined. The use of the Stoner-Wohlfarth Theory, which assumes samples have a single domain to predict the hysteresis loop, will be presented with an accompanying proof and the results of an experiment using a VSM will be presented. The presented data will detail the magnetic behaviours of ferrites and transition metals. The focus of this dissertation is to discuss the behaviour of ferrites and transition metal alloys when they are magnetised. Ferrites are ferromagnetic materials (Kazimierczuk, 2009). Ferromagnetic substances are materials which acquire strong magnetic properties following the direction of the applied field when exposed to a magnetic field. The property demonstrated by ferromagnetic substances, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, steel, gadolinium and their corresponding alloys are termed as ferromagnetism. (Prakash, 2009). Transition metals are the metallic elements that serve as a bridge, or transition, between the two sides of the periodic table of elements and are located in groups IB through VIIIB. The transition elements are known as the transition metals because they possess the properties of metals in that these elements are very hard, with high melting and boiling points. Additional characteristics of transition metals are that they have several oxidation states, they usually form coloured compounds, and they are often paramagnetic. The transition elements include the important metals iron, copper and silver, although iron and titanium are the most abundant transition elements and the majority of catalysts for industrial reactions involve transition elements. Magnetisation refers to the exposure of a metal to a magnetic field causing the metal to be magnetised with the level of magnetism being a function of the strength of the magnetic field (Cullity and Graham, 2009). In a more technical sense, magnetisation was described by Lalena and Cleary (2010)